US Thailand Double Taxation Treaty
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ARTICLE 6
Income From Immovable (Real) Property

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable (real) property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. The terms "immovable property" or "real property" shall have the meanings which they have under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The terms shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.

ARTICLE 7
Business Profits

1. The income or profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the income or profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to:

(a)	that permanent establishment;
(b)	sales in that other State of goods or merchandise of the same or similar kind as those sold through that permanent establishment; or
(c)	other business activities carried on in that other State of the same or similar kind as those effected through that permanent establishment.

     The provisions of subparagraphs (b) and (c) shall apply only if it can be shown that the sales or activities were not carried out by the permanent establishment in order to avoid tax in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment is situated.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the income or profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and independent enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions.

3. In determining the income or profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including a reasonable allocation or apportionment of executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.

4. Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the income or profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts or, in the case of a person who does not claim taxation on the basis of the actual net profits of the permanent establishment, on the basis of a certain reasonable percentage of the gross receipts of the permanent establishment, nothing in paragraph 2 of this Article shall preclude such State from determining the income or profits to be taxed by such a method. The method adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles laid down in this Article.

5. No income or profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.

6. For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the income or profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

7. Where income or profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.

8. For the purposes of the Convention, the term "business profits" means income derived from any trade or business, including profits from the rental of ships, aircraft and containers (including trailers, barges and related equipment for the transport or containers), if such profits are not incidental to income from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic.

9. In applying paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, paragraph 5 of Article 10 (Dividends), paragraph 5 of Article 11 (Interest), paragraph 4 of Article 12 (Royalties), paragraph 1(a) of Article 15 (Independent Personal Services) and paragraph 2 of Article 24 (other Income), any income attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base during its existence is taxable in the Contracting State in which such permanent establishment or fixed base is situated, even if the payments are deferred until such permanent establishment or fixed base has ceased to exist.

ARTICLE 8
Shipping and Air Transport

3. For the purposes of this Article, income or profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic include income or profits derived from the rental of ships or aircraft if such rental profits are incidental to other income or profits described in paragraphs 1 and 2.

4. Income or profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State from the use, maintenance, or rental of containers (including trailers, barges, and related equipment for the transport of containers) that are incidental to income from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be treated for purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 as income from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic.

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 shall also apply to income or profits from participation in a pool, a joint business, or an international operating agency.

ARTICLE 9
Associated Enterprises

1. Where

(a)	an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State; or
(b)	the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control, or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,

     and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which, but for those conditions would have accrued to one of the enterprises, but by reason of those conditions have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State, and taxes accordingly, profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State, and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall, if it agrees that action of the first-mentioned Contracting State was correct, make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.

ARTICLE 10
Dividends

1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed

(a)	10 percent of the gross amount of the dividends if the beneficial owner is a company which controls at least 10 percent of the voting power of the company paying the dividends; or
(b)	15 percent of the gross amount of the dividends in all other cases.

     This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3. Subparagraph (b) of paragraph 2 and not subparagraph (a) shall apply in the case of dividends paid by a person which is a resident of the United States and which is a Regulated Investment Company. Subparagraph (a) of paragraph 2 shall not apply to dividends paid by a person which is a resident of the United States and which is a Real Estate Investment Trust, and subparagraph (b) shall apply only if the dividend is beneficially owned by an individual holding less than a 25 percent interest in the Real Estate Investment Trust; otherwise the rate of tax applicable under U.S. domestic law shall apply. The rules of this paragraph shall apply to dividends paid by companies resident in Thailand that are similar to the United States companies referred to in this paragraph. Whether Thai companies are similar to the United States companies referred to in this paragraph will be determined by mutual agreement of the competent authorities.

4. The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares or other rights, not being debt claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the Contracting State of which the company making the distribution is a resident. The term "dividends" also includes income from other arrangements, including debt obligations, carrying the right to participate in profits, to the extent so characterized under the law of the Contracting State in which the income arises.

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State, of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) or Article 15 (Independent Personal Services), as the case may be, shall apply.

ARTICLE 11
Interest

1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises, and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State the tax so charged shall not exceed:

(a)	10 percent of the gross amount of the interest if the interest is beneficially owned by any financial institution (including an insurance company);
(b)	0 percent of the gross amount of the interest if the interest is beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State and is paid with respect to indebtedness arising as a consequence of a sale on credit by a resident of that other State of any equipment, merchandise or services, except where the sale was between persons not dealing with each other at arm's length; and
(c)	5 percent of the gross amount of the interest in all other cases.

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to the Government of the other Contracting State, or to a resident of that other State with respect to debt obligations guaranteed or insured by that Government, shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned Contracting State. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term "Government" means:

(a)	in the case of Thailand, the Government of Thailand and shall include:
	i) the Bank of Thailand; ii) the Export-Import Bank of Thailand; iii) the local authorities; iv) much financial institutions, the capital of which is wholly owned by the Government of Thailand or any local authority as may be agreed from time to time between the competent authorities of both of the Contracting States; and
(b)	in the case of the United States, the Government of the United States and shall include:
	i) the Federal Reserve Banks; ii) the Export-Import Bank; iii) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation; iv) the states and local authorities; and v) such financial institutions, the capital of which is wholly owned by the Government of the United States or any state or local authority as may be agreed from time to time between the competent authorities of both of the Contracting States.

4. The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from debt claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and, in particular, income from government securities, and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums or prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures, as well as all other income that is treated as income from money lent by the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the income arises. However, the term, "interest" does not include income dealt with in Article 10 (Dividends).

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with (a) such permanent establishment or fixed base, or with (b) business activities referred to under subparagraphs (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 7 (Business Profits). In such cases the provisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) or Article 15 (Independent Personal Services), as the case may be, shall apply.

6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a political subdivision, a local authority or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of the Convention.

8. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply to an excess inclusion with respect to a residual interest in a United States Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit.

Part 3