Land Code
Chapter 1
General Provisions
 

Section 1. In this Land Code:

“Land” means the general land, including mountains, brooks, swamps, canals, ponds, riverside villages, waterway, lakes, islands, and shore land.

“Land rights” means the ownership, including possessory rights.

“Pre-emption Certificate” means the document showing consent for the temporary land possession.

“Utilization Certificate” means the document given by competent officials to certify that the land is put to use.

“Land Examination Certificate” means the document indicating that the land has been examined for further issuance of the Title Deed, including land parcel identification slips.

“Title Deed” means the document showing the land ownership, including the Title Deed Maps, the Certificate of Ownership in Lieu of Title Deed, and the Pre-occupation Certificate stamped “Already Put to Use”.

“Survey” means the survey, the determination and marking of the boundaries, and recording or calculation related to the survey in order to determine the boundary lines or the location of land and its area.

(Repealed)³

“Public Bodies”⁴ means the public units holding a juristic person status and being a part of central, provincial, or local government organizations.

“Committee” means the National Land Allocation Committee.

“Competent officials” means public officers who perform activities under this Code as well as other officers appointed by the Minister for the execution of this Code.

“Director-General” means the Director-General of the Department of Lands.

“Minister” means the Minister having charge and control of the execution of the Act Promulgating the Land Code and this Code.

Section 2. The land of which the ownership has not been vested in any person shall be regarded as the domaine public of State.

Section 3. A person shall be entitled to the ownership of land provided that:

(1) such person acquires the ownership under the law prior to the enforcement date of this Code or acquires the Title Deed as prescribed in the provisions of this Code;

(2) such person acquires the ownership under the law on land allocation for livelihood or other laws.

Section 4. Subject to Section 6, any person acquiring the possessory right in land prior to the enforcement date of this Code, including the transferee, shall continue to enjoy such right.

Section 4. bis.⁵ On and from the enforcement date of the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, the transfer of ownership or possessory right in the land for which the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate has already been issued shall be made in writing and registered with the competent officials.

Section 5. Any person who wishes to surrender his/her land rights to the State shall file an application for land surrender with the competent officials under Section 71.

Section 6.⁶ On and from the enforcement date of the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, any land rights holder according to the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate abandons the land or leaves the said land as to become a waste land for a longer period than:

(1) ten consecutive years for the land with Title Deed;

(2) five consecutive years for the land with the Utilization Certificate,

Such person is deemed to intentionally renounce his/her rights in a specific portion of land that is abandoned or left to become a waste land. After the Director-General files a statement of claims with the Court and the Court orders the revocation of the document of rights in such land, it shall become the domaine public of State and be executed further by this code.

Section 7.⁷ (Repealed)

Section 8.⁸ Unless otherwise provided by the law, the Director-General shall have powers and duties to supervise and carry out acts for purpose of protection and prevention, as it may think fit, of all land which is the domaine public of State or the State property. The Minister may assign this powers and duties to other public bodies.

The land which is the domaine public of State for the common use of people or for special use of the State or the restricted or reserved land as requested by public bodies may be annulled or transferred for other use or allocated for people in the following circumstances.

(1) The annulment or transfer of the land that is for the common use of people may be carried out under the Act provided that the public bodies, State or private enterprises make other land available for people in lieu thereof. If, nonetheless, such land  ceases to be for the common use of people or its condition changes to the effect that it is not fit for the common use of people and its ownership is not vested in any person under any other laws, the annulment shall be carried out under the Royal Decree.

(2) Provided that the public bodies cease to use the land or discontinue the restriction or reservation upon the land which has been for special use of State or restricted or reserved as requested by the public bodies, the Council of Ministers may, upon the annulment of the said land under the Royal Decree, assign the public bodies to use such land or reap benefits wherefrom. If, nonetheless, it is decided to transfer such land to the private bodies, it shall be done so under the Act or if to be allocated to people in accordance with this Code or other laws, it shall be carried out under the Royal Decree.

In enactment of the Act or Royal Decree as prescribed in paragraph two, a map with land boundary lines shall be annexed thereto.

Section 8. bis.⁹ Regarding the domaine public of State in which nobody has the possessory right or the land for the common use of people which has been annulled under Section 8(1), the Minister shall have power to register the said land as to be officially used by public bodies in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in the Ministerial Regulations.

Prior to the registration under paragraph one, the cadastral survey shall be conducted and the Governor of the relevant province shall make arrangement for the notification or announcement of the said registration for public acknowledgement for a period of thirty days. Such notice shall be put up in public at the Land Office, the District (Amphoe) Office or the District Branch (King Amphoe) Office, the Sub-District Headman (Kamnan) Office, and within the confinement of such land.

The Minister shall publish in the Government Gazette the registration as prescribed in paragraph one with a map annexed thereto.

Section 8. ter.¹⁰ Regarding the land which is the domaine public of State for the common use of people or for special use of the State, the Director-General may make arrangement for the issuance of the Crown Lands Certificate specifying its boundaries for purpose of evidence.

The issuance of the Crown Lands Certificate shall be in accordance with the forms, rules, and procedures as prescribed in the Ministerial Regulations.

With respect to the land which is under paragraph one but without the Crown Lands Certificate, its boundaries shall be in conformity to the official evidence.

Section 9. Subject to the law on mining and forestry, persons are forbidden to take the following actions in connection with the domaine public of State unless such persons have possessory right or receive permission from the competent officials.

(1) To occupy or possess such land as well as to build structures or to burn forest thereon;

(2) To destroy, by any means, or to cause deterioration of land, rocks, gravel, or sand within the restricted areas as published in the Government Gazette by the Minister; or

(3) To do anything that may endanger land resources.

Section 9/1¹¹ The Local Government Organization in the provincial district shall apportion the remuneration paid under paragraph one to the Provincial Administrative Organization at the rate of forty percent of the total sum received within thirty days from the date of receipt to be the income of the Provincial Administrative Organization and the remainder after apportionment shall be realized as an income of the Local Government Organization of the locality in which the land is situated. In the case where such land is not situated within the governed district of the Provincial Administrative Organization, the remuneration received under paragraph one shall wholly become the income of the Local Government Organization.      

Section 9. bis.¹² (Repealed)

Section 10. Regarding the domaine public of State which nobody has the possessory right in and is not commonly used by people, the Director-General shall have power to reap benefit from the said land. Reaping benefit shall include any arrangement to make the land suitable for use, sale, exchange, leasing out, and hire-purchase.

Rules and procedures for reaping benefit shall be subject to the Ministerial Regulations. Sale, exchange, and hire-purchase of land shall be approved by the Minister.

Any arrangement to reap benefit under the preceding paragraph shall take the purpose of reservation for our posterity into consideration.

Section 11. In reaping benefit from the domaine public of State as implied in the preceding Section, the Minister may assign other public bodies to perform such task for the State or for the betterment of the local in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in the Ministerial Regulations.

Section 12. The Minister shall have power to grant a concession or to give out the domaine public of State in which nobody has the possessory right, or to grant the use thereof for a limited period of time in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in the Ministerial Regulations.

The provision of this Section shall not prejudice the law on mining and forestry.

Section 13. For the purpose of execution of the provisions of this Code, the Minister shall have power to establish the Provincial Land Office.

If it is necessary for any province to have more than one land office, the Minister shall have power to establish Branch Land Office to be governed by the Provincial Land Office.

The establishment of any Provincial Land Office and Branch Land Office shall be published in the Government Gazette.

Chapter 2
Land Allocation for People
 

Section 14.¹³ There shall be a committee called “The National Land Allocation Committee” consisting of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment as Chairman, the Deputy Minister of Interior, the Permanent Secretary of Interior, the Permanent Secretary of Defence, the Director-General of the Department of Local Administration, the Director-General of the Department of Social Development and Welfare*, the Director-General of the Cooperative Promotion Department, the Director-General of the Department of Highways, the Director-General of the Royal Irrigation Department, the Director-General of the Land Development Department, the Director-General of the Department of Mineral Resources, the Director-General of the Department of Agricultural Extension, the Director-General of the Royal Forest Department, the Director-General of the Treasury Department, the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, the Secretary-General of the Council of State of Thailand, the Secretary-General of the National Economic and Social Development Board, and the Secretary-General of the Accelerated Rural Development as members, the Director of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning as member and Secretary-General and not more than seven qualified persons appointed by the Council of Ministers as members.

Section 15.¹⁴ The qualified members shall hold office for a term of four years. The qualified member who vacates office may be re-appointed by the Council of Ministers.

Section 16. Apart from vacating office on the expiration of the term under Section 15, the qualified members shall vacate office upon:

(1) death;

(2) resignation;

(3) being sentenced to imprisonment by a final judgment except for a petty offense or an offence punishable as petty offence or an offence committed through negligence;

(4) being removed by the Council of Ministers.

In case of vacating office under this Section, the Council of Ministers shall appoint a new qualified person to be a member. The newly appointed member shall hold office for the remaining term of the member being replaced.

Section 17. In the meeting of the Committee, the presence of not less than one half of the total number of members is required to constitute a quorum.

Section 18. If the Chairman is not present at the meeting, the members shall elect one among themselves to preside over the meeting.

Section 19. A decision of a meeting shall be by a majority of votes.

Each member shall have one vote. In case of an equality of votes, the person presiding over the meeting shall have an additional vote as a casting vote.

Section 20.¹⁵ The Committee shall have powers and duties as follows.

(1) To lay down policies to allocate land for people’s habitation and livelihood according to their capacities.

(2) To develop a plan concerning the land tenure.

(3) To reserve and develop land in order to subsequently allocate to people.

(4) To reserve and restrict the domaine public of State that is free from possessory right to be commonly used by people.

(5) To approve projects relating to land allocation by public bodies.

(6) To control the allocation of land in accordance with this Code and other laws.

(7) To perform activities in connection with land as assigned by the Council of Ministers.

(8) To assign public bodies to proceed with any task in regard to powers and duties under this Section in lieu of the Committee as it may think fit.

(9) To perform other activities as prescribed in this Code or other laws.

(10) To lay down regulations or requirements, to set rules or conditions in connection with the land allocation or other activities under this Code.

Regulations or requirements involving people shall be published in the Government Gazette.

Section 21. The Minister shall carry out acts in the implementation of resolutions of the Committee and have power to assign the relevant public bodies to perform any activity in connection with the land allocation and, if considers advisable, to ensure that the relevant public bodies carry out the assigned activities without delay. For the purpose of this Section, the officers of the said public bodies shall have the same powers and duties as the competent officials as prescribed in this Code.

In executing duties assigned under the preceding paragraph, the said public bodies may, as approved by the Minister, requisition funds in lieu of the Department of Lands from the budget of the Department of Lands for use in accordance with lists in the said budget.

Section 22. The Minister and the competent officials assigned by the Minister shall have powers as follows

(1) To summon any person to give facts or opinions relating to the land allocation and to furnish documentary evidence or other relevant items for consideration of the Committee.

(2) To enter any place or land of public bodies, public or private organizations to examine anything relating to the land allocation, to make inquiries, to call for documentary evidence or other relevant items from persons in such place or land as considered necessary. In performing these duties, convenience shall be given to the Committee and the competent officials as deemed expedient.

Section 23. In performing duties under this Code, the competent officials and the officers of public bodies who are entitled to the same powers and duties as the competent officials under Section 21 shall have and present the document evidencing the identification to concerned persons.

Section 24. The competent officials and officers who perform duties under this Code shall be deemed as the public officers under the Penal Code.

Section 25.¹⁶ For the purpose of the land allocation and examination of fertility of soil, the Committee may make arrangement for land survey.

When it deems expedient to carry out land survey in any locality, the Committee shall publish in the Government Gazette an announcement designating such locality as the area under survey and such announcement shall be put up at the District Office and the house of Sub-District Headman in the Sub-District being under the land survey. A map showing the area under survey shall be annexed to the said announcement. This map shall be treated as a part of the announcement.

Section 26. Within the area under survey under Section 25, any person holding land rights or possessing land shall have the following duties:

(1) to notify the competent officials of the locality where the his/her land is situated within the time period specified by the provincial Governor in accordance with the forms and procedures as prescribed in the Ministerial Regulations. In this case, other person is permitted to notify in lieu thereof;

(2) to accompany or arrange other person to accompany the competent officials in order to show such officials the boundaries of land under his/her possession or in which he/she has land rights after receiving a notice from the competent officials for a reasonable period of time;

(3) to affix his/her signature in order to certify the land survey performed by competent officials based on the actual results of such survey. In case of arranging other person to show the boundaries, such person shall certify the land survey by signing his/her name in lieu thereof.

Section 27. Apart from the land which is allocated by official authorities or public organizations in accordance with other laws, the Director-General shall have power to allocate the domaine public of State that is free from possessory right for people’s habitation and livelihood in accordance with regulations, requirements, rules, and conditions determined by the Committee, including the matters as follow:

(1) the amount of land to be apportioned for possession;

(2) rules for inspecting and selecting persons to become possessors;

(3) practices recommended to be followed by the possessors;

(4) rules in connection with the compensation for the capital that has been invested in the land and certain fees levied;

(5) activities necessary for the land allocation.

Regulations, requirements, rules, and conditions of the Committee shall be published in the Government Gazette.

Section 27 bis.¹⁷ In a case where the person taking possession and making use of the land or anyone taking possession and making use of the land in continuation thereof files a request, prior to the enforcement date of this Announcement of Revolutionary Council,  to extend the time required for claiming the possession as prescribed by the Act Promulgating the Land Code, B.E. 2497 (1954) while no order from the provincial Governor has been given, the provincial Governor shall consider this matter and give an order without delay provided that the person taking possession and making use of land is not deprived of his/her rights to be exercised in accordance with Section 27 ter. under this Code.

Section 27 ter.¹⁸ Upon the notification of the provincial Governor specifying the locality and the commencement date of the survey under paragraph two of Section 58, any person who takes possession and makes use of the land prior to the enforcement date of this Code without document of land rights and fails to claim his/her possession as prescribed in Section 5 of the Act Promulgating the Land Code, B.E. 2497 (1954) or any person who waits for the order of extension from the provincial Governor under Section 27 bis. but his/her taking possession and making use of such land has continued up to the date of survey or inspection wishes to have the land rights, such person shall notify the land officer of his/her possession at the Land Office of the locality in which such land is situated within thirty days from the date of notification. In case of the person's failure to do so, although the person may arrange for other person to take the competent officials to conduct the survey on the date and time as notified by the competent officials, it is deemed that such person has the intention to acquire the land rights.

For the purpose of this Section, persons taking possession and making use of the land under paragraph one shall include anyone taking possession and making use of the land in continuation thereof as well.

Section 28. The Committee shall have power to appoint a Sub-Committee to assist the Committee in performing any activity and report to the Committee.

Provisions of Section 17, 18, and 19 shall apply mutatis mutandis.

Section 29. In executing Section 27, the land acquired under this Code shall be made available firstly to persons whose domiciles are in the same locality as that of the land by means of sale, exchange, or hire-purchase. If only there is any remainder, it may be allocated to persons with domiciles outside the locality of the land by means thereof.

Section 30. ¹⁹ Upon the completion of allocation of land for persons to take possession, the competent officials shall issue the Pre-emption Certificates for evidence. When there appears that the persons who possess the allocated land put the land to use and fully comply with the regulations, requirements, rules, and conditions prescribed by the Committee, the competent officials shall issue Certificates of Title to such person without delay.

Section 31. ²⁰ Regarding the land with the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate that is subsequently issued after the Pre-emption Certificate, persons who acquire rights in such land are forbidden to transfer such land to other persons under the following circumstances:

(1) if the Pre-emption Certificate is issued on or after 14th December B.E. 2515 (1972), the transfer of land is forbidden for a period of ten years from the receipt date of the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate;

(2) if the Pre-emption Certificate is issued prior to 14th December B.E. 2515 (1972) and only in a case where the assistance from the State in terms of utilities and others is given with the land allocation, the transfer of land is forbidden for a period of five years from the receipt date of the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate.

The provisions of paragraph one shall not apply if the land is devolved by succession or if the land is transferred to public bodies, governmental organizations under the law on establishment of the governmental organizations, or State Enterprise established by the Act, or transferred to the co-operatives for performance of obligations with approval of the registrars of the co-operatives.

Within the forbidden period as prescribed in paragraph one, such land shall not be subject to the compulsory execution.

Section 32. The Director-General shall have power to remove any person who possesses land under the implication of Section 30 but fails to comply with the regulations, requirements, rules, and conditions prescribed by the Committee from such land and the person being removed shall be deprived of rights arising from all rules and regulations forthwith when the removal order is received.

If dissatisfied with the order under the preceding paragraph, the person shall have the right to appeal to the Minister within thirty days from the receipt of removal order. Provided that there is no decision upon the appeal from the Minister within sixty days from the receipt of appeal, it shall be deemed that the Minister gives order allowing the continuation of possessory right but the regulations, requirements, rules, and conditions prescribed by the Committee shall be complied with.

The order of the Minister shall be final.

Section 33. In any locality in which the Committee has not announced the area as being under survey under this Chapter or the land has been divided into several smaller parcels, people may apply for the pre-emption of land in accordance with the regulations, requirements, rules, and conditions prescribed by the Committee. Upon the permission from the competent officials, the Pre-emption Certificate shall be issued.

Regarding the installment payments, the interest at the rate of three percent per annum of the outstanding sum owed by the buyer or hire-purchaser shall be payable to the former land rights holder.

Section 55. In case of sale or hire-purchase of land under Section 50, the Director-General shall have power to claim the restitution of the land if the buyer or hire-purchaser fails to comply with the conditions specified in the sale or hire-purchase contract, as the case may be. In claiming the restitution thereof, the right in the said land shall be vested in the Department of Lands on the day such claiming is known or ought to be known by the buyer or hire-purchaser.

Chapter 4
Issuance of Document of Land Rights
 

Section 56.³⁷ Subject to Section 56/1, forms, rules, and procedures for issuance of the Pre-emption Certificate, the Utilization Certificate, the Land Examination Certificate, or the Title Deed, including the substitutions thereof shall be in accordance with the Ministerial Regulations.

Section 56/1.³⁸ In issuing the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate for the land with its partial area adjoining and overlapping or encroaching upon the domaine public of State with the existence of aerial photo map or aerial photograph, the competent officials may proceed only when it is examined and verified with the earliest aerial photo map or aerial photograph, as may be available through governmental service, that the land is eligible for issuance of the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate. The other methods of examination and verification may be carried out in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Director-General.

Section 57.³⁹ In the Title Deed and the Utilization Certificate, there shall be the information as follows: name, last name, address of the land rights holder, location of land, area of land, map specifying boundaries in four directions. The provincial land officer, the provincial branch land officer, or the land officer assigned by the Director-General shall sign and affix the seal of office therein with an index of registration.

Each of the Title Deed and the Utilization Certificate shall be made in duplicate whereby one copy is given to the land rights holder and the other is maintained at the Land Office. For the purpose of record keeping, the copy at the Land Office may be reproduced into a photography images or other forms through the information and communication technology and shall be deemed as original.⁴⁰

Section 58.⁴¹ If the Minister considers appropriate to issue the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate in any particular province and in any particular year, it shall be published by the Minister in the Government Gazette specifying the province and the year in which the cadastral survey or the examination and verification for purpose of land use is to be conducted. The permanent forest domain which is classified by the government authority shall not be included in the provincial boundaries published therein by the Minister.

Upon the publication under paragraph one, the provincial Governor shall designate the locality and the commencement date of field survey and shall put up a notice at the Land Office, the District Office, the District Branch Office, the Sub-District Headman Office, and the Village Headman Office in the relevant locality not less than thirty days prior to the commencement date of survey.

Upon the notification of the provincial Governor under paragraph two, the person under paragraph two of Section 58 bis. or his/her representative shall accompany the competent officials or the person authorized thereby to conduct the cadastral survey or the examination and verification of land use carried out in his/her land on the date and time as arranged by the competent officials.

In conducting the field survey to examine and verify the land use for purpose of issuance of the Utilization Certificate, the land officer shall have power to appoint a person who has been trained to conduct the land use examination and verification to do these tasks to be the official in lieu thereof.

In performing duties under paragraph four, the official shall be deemed as the public officer under the Penal Code.

Section 58 bis.⁴² Upon the completion of the cadastral survey or the examination and verification of land use under Section 58, the competent officials shall issue the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate, as the case may be, to the persons under paragraph two if it appears that the land under the possession thereof is eligible for the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate to be issued under this Code.

The persons to whom the competent officials may issue Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate under paragraph one include:

(1) persons with evidence showing their claims for the possession of land, the Pre-emption Certificate, the Squatter’s Certificate, the Utilization Certificate, the Certificate of Ownership in Lieu of Title Deed, and the Pre-occupation Certificate stamped “Already Put to Use”, or any person with rights under the law on land allocation for living;

(2) persons who comply with Section 27 ter.;

(3) persons who possess and make use of land after the enforcement date of this Code without the Pre-emption Certificate, the Squatter’s Certificate, or any evidence showing the right under the law on land allocation for living.

For the purpose of this Section, persons with evidence showing their claims for land possession under paragraph two (1) shall include those who possess and make use of land in continuation of the aforesaid persons.

The Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate, as the case may be, shall be issued to persons under paragraph two (2) and (3) for not more than fifty rais of land. In case of more than fifty rais, the approval of the provincial Governor shall be obtained on a case by case basis in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Committee.

Within ten years from the receipt of the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate under paragraph one, persons with land rights under paragraph two (3) are forbidden to transfer the land to other persons except through the devolution by succession or the transfer to public bodies,  governmental organizations under the law on establishment of the governmental organizations, State Enterprise established by the Act, or the co-operatives for purpose of performance of obligations with approval of the registrars of the co-operatives.

Within the forbidden period as prescribed in paragraph five, such land shall not be subject to the compulsory execution.

Section 58 ter.⁴³ If the Minister considers appropriate to issue the Title Deed in any particular province to the land for which the Utilization Certificate with the aerial photo map of the land has been issued, the locality and the commencement date of the issuance thereof shall be published in the Government Gazette by the Minister at least thirty days in advance.

In preparing a map for purpose of the Title Deed issuance under paragraph one, the evidence in the aerial photo map form used with the Utilization Certificate shall be adjusted with respect to the theoretical basis of the aerial photo map and used without conducting the cadastral survey except in case of necessity.

After a decision on the commencement date of the Title Deed issuance as prescribed in the Ministerial Regulations under paragraph one, any registration of the rights and juristic acts in connection with the land that requires a cadastral survey to be conducted by using aerial photo map shall be ceased except in case of necessity whereas the permission by the competent officials may be given on a case by case basis in accordance with the rules as prescribed by the Committee.

Under this Section, the Title Deed shall be issued to the person named in the Utilization Certificate as the rights holder.

Upon completing the preparation of the Title Deeds to be conferred to the right holders, the land officers shall announce the date of conferring the Title Deeds thereto and the Utilization Certificate for the relevant parcels of land shall be deemed annulled on and from the day announced to be the date of conferring the Title Deeds and such annulled Utilization Certificates shall be returned to the land officers except in case of loss.

Section 59.⁴⁴ In a case where there is a particular request for the issuance of the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate by the person with possessory right, irrespectively of whether the notification of the Minister is made under Section 58, the competent officials may, if consider appropriate, proceed the issuance of the Title Deed or, as the case may be, the Utilization Certificate as requested in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in this Code.
For the purpose of this Section, the person with possessory right shall, in addition, mean any person who possesses and makes use of land in continuation of the person with evidence showing his/her claim for the possession of the land.

Section 59 bis.⁴⁵ If it is necessary for any particular person who has possessed and made use of land prior to the enforcement date of this Code without a document of land rights and having failed to notify of his/her land possession under Section 5 of the Act Promulgating the Land Code, B.E. 2497 (1954), exclusive of the persons incompliance with Section 27 ter., to apply for the issuance of the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate, the competent officials may, if considered appropriate, proceed with the issuance of the Title Deed or, as the case may be, the Utilization Certificate in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in this Code under a condition that the land parcel requested for the issuance thereof shall not exceed fifty rais and, if otherwise, the approval of the provincial Governor shall be obtained in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Committee.

For the purpose of this Section, the person with possessory right shall include any person who possesses and makes use of land in continuation of the said person.

Section 59 ter.⁴⁶ In issuing the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate, if there appears that the land area derived from the newly conducted survey is inconsistent with that specified in the Claim Certificate under Section 5 of the Act Promulgating the Land Code, B.E. 2497 (1954), the competent officials may, upon consideration, issue the document of land rights for the exact land area that has been actually put to use in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Committee.

Section 59 quarter⁴⁷ During the issuance of the Title Deed under Section 58 bis., Section 58 ter., and Section 59, if there is, in the document of land rights, an entry of a list of encumbrance or changes of land rights holder, the said list shall be carried forward and recorded in the Title Deed as well.

Section 59 quinque.⁴⁸ Regarding the issuance of Title Deed under Section 58 bis. and Section 59, it shall be deemed that the former document of land rights is annulled and such annulled document of land rights shall be returned to the land officer except in case of loss.

Section 60.⁴⁹ In issuing the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate, the competent officials or, as the case may be, the land officers may, in case of the occurrence of contention, shall have power to make inquiries and settlement and proceed according to the agreement between the parties in dispute and, if the parties fail to come into agreement, the provincial land officers or the provincial branch land officers shall have power to consider this matter and give out the instructions as it deems expedient.

The provincial land officers or the provincial branch land officers shall notify the parties in dispute of the aforesaid instructions and the party dissatisfied therewith may proceed with the filing of a statement of claims with the Court within sixty days as from the acknowledgement of the instructions.

In case of filing the lawsuit, there shall be a stay of proceeding of the instructions until the Court’s final judgment or order which shall be executed as such. If the lawsuit is not pursued within such time period, the matter shall be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the provincial land officer or the provincial branch land officer, as the case may be.

Section 61.⁵⁰ In a case where there appears an inaccuracy or illegality in connection with the issuance of the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate, the registration of rights and juristic acts for the immovable property, or the record making of the list of registered immovable properties, the Director-General or either the Deputy Director-General or the Inspector of the Department of Land authorized thereby shall have power to order the annulment or amendment thereof.

Prior to taking actions under paragraph one, the Director-General or the person authorized thereby under paragraph one shall set up a Committee of Enquiry with authority to call for documents as follows: the Title Deed, the Utilization Certificate, the rights and juristic acts registration documents, documents related to the recorded list of registered immovable properties or other documents for consideration. The interested parties shall be notified for purpose of objection, if any. Upon the expiration of thirty days following the date of notification without any objection, it shall be regarded as no objection at all.

The Committee of Enquiry with duties to examine the inaccurate or unlawful issuance of the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate shall, at the least, consist of public authorities and the representative of the local administrative body or the local administrator of the relevant locality as members.

The examination and enquiry under paragraph two shall be carried out until completion and the matter shall be submitted to the Director-General or the authorized person under paragraph one within sixty days from the day on which the examination and enquiry is ordered. If the examination and enquiry is not completed within such time period, the Committee of Enquiry shall give reasons and report to the Director-General or the authorized person under paragraph one for the extension of time. The time extension shall be granted by the Director-General or the authorized person under paragraph one as necessary but not exceeding sixty days.

The consideration of the matter reported by the Committee of Enquiry under paragraph four shall be completed by the Director-General or the authorized person under paragraph one within fifteen days. The decision after the aforesaid consideration shall be executed as such.
In carrying out the revocation or amendment under this Section, if the Title Deed or the Utilization Certificate is absent, such Title Deed or Utilization Certificate shall be deemed as lost and the land officers shall issue a substitution thereof for further actions.

Provided that the inaccuracy arises from erroneous handwriting or typing with explicit supporting evidence and the interested party gives a written consent, the land officers shall have power and duty to correct it.

In case of the Court’s final judgment or order of revocation or amendment, the land officers shall carry out acts in accordance with such judgment or order according to the procedures instructed by the Director-General.

The formation of the Committee of Enquiry, the examination and enquiry, the notification to the interested party who may make an objection, and the consideration of revocation or amendment shall be in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in the Ministerial Regulations.

Section 62. Regarding all lawsuits in connection with the land ownership with its Title Deed, the Court shall notify the land officers in the relevant locality of the final judgment or order.

Section 63. In case of damage, defect, and loss of Title Deed by any means, the owner may make a request for its substitution.

Upon the issuance of the substitution, the former Title Deed shall be annulled unless the Court orders otherwise.

In applying for the substitution of the Pre-emption Certificate, the Utilization Certificate or the Land Examination Certificate, the aforesaid provisions shall apply mutatis mutandis.

Section 64.⁵¹ In case of damage, defect, and loss of the Title Deed, the Land Examination Certificate, the Utilization Certificate, or the Pre-emption Certificate which is maintained at the Land Office, the competent officials under Section 71 shall have power to call for the said document from the land rights holder for purpose of reproduction thereof based on the existing originals.

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3. Section 1, definition of “Land Trading” is repealed by the Act Amending the Land Code (No. 12), B.E. 2551 (2008).

4. Section 1, definition of “Public Bodies” is added by the Act Amending the Land Code (No. 2), B.E. 2521 (1978).

5. Section 4 bis. has been added by the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, No. 96, dated 29th February B.E. 2515 (1972).

Section 8 ter. has been added by the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, No. 334, dated 13th December B.E. 2515 (1972).

13. Section 14 has been amended by the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, No. 334, dated 13th December B.E. 2515 (1972).

14. Section 15 has been amended by the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, No. 334, dated 13th December B.E. 2515 (1972).

16. Section 25 has been amended by the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, No. 334, dated 13th December B.E. 2515 (1972).

19. Section 30 has been amended by the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, No. 334, dated 13th December B.E. 2515 (1972).

21. Section 34 has been repealed by the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, No. 49, dated 13th January B.E. 2502 (1959).

37. Section 56 has been amended by the Act Amending the Land Code (No. 11), B.E. 2551 (2008).

43. Section 58 ter. has been amended by the Act Amending the Land Code (No. 4), B.E. 2528 (1985).

46. Section 59 ter. has been added by the Announcement of the Revolutionary Council, No. 96, dated 29th February B.E. 2515 (1972).

51. Section 64 has been amended by the Act Amending the Land Code (No. 2), B.E. 2521 (1978).

The English language translation is provided for research and educational purposes only. Persons with legal problems in Thailand are advised to contact a licensed lawyer,
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